What is the best way to cover International Relations for Mains for UPSC?

International Relations (IR) for GS Paper II is primarily current affairs-driven, requiring a blend of static history and contemporary analysis.
To build a foundation, start with the Class 12 NCERT Contemporary World Politics to understand global shifts like the Cold War and the evolution of the UN. Supplement this by mastering basic concepts like "Strategic Autonomy" and the historical context of India’s ties with major powers and neighbours.
The bulk of your preparation must be dynamic. Follow the "Explained" and Editorial sections of The Hindu or The Indian Express to track ongoing conflicts and summits. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) website is a goldmine for official briefs and sophisticated vocabulary.
To score higher, use keywords like "Neighborhood First" and practice drawing rough maps of strategic locations to enhance your presentation.