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What role do NGOs, SHGs, and civil society play in development according to the UPSC syllabus?

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  • According to the syllabus, NGOs, SHGs, and civil society function as critical catalysts for participatory development, grassroots empowerment, and social accountability.
  • They bridge implementation gaps in public welfare.
  • Sleepy Classes IAS highlights analysing their operational challenges, funding transparency, and role in human resource development to draft high-scoring, balanced mains answers.